basic concept of C Programming

basic concept of C Programming in one post

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What is Programming?

Computer programming is a medium for us to communicate with computers, just like we use Hindi or English to communicate with each other. Programming is a way for us to deliver our instructions to the computer.

What is C?

C is a programming language. C is one of the oldest and finest programming languages. C was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972.

Uses of C

C is a language that is used to program a wide variety of systems. Some of the uses of C are as follows:

Major parts of Windows, Linux, and other operating systems are written in C.
C is used to write driver programs for devices like Tablets, Printers, etc.
C language is used to program embedded systems where programs need to run faster in limited memory.
C is used to develop games, an area where latency is very important, i.e., a computer has to react quickly to user input.

The basic structure of a C program

All c programs have to follow a basic structure. A c program starts with the main function and executes instructions presents inside it. Each instruction terminated with a semicolon(;)

There are some basic rules which are applicable to all the c programs:

Every program’s execution starts from the main function.
All the statements are terminated with a semi-colon.
Instructions are case-sensitive.
Instructions are executed in the same order in which they are written.

basic concept of C Programming

#include<stdio.h>

int main() {

printf(“Hello,World”);

return 0;

}

Source Code

Source code is code which is written by The programmer In human readable from with proper programming syntaxes.

Compiler

Compiler is a software module which translate (convert) Source code of a into executable code.

Executable

Executable code is a machine understandable code. Which can executed by a machine(OS).

Variable

Variable is a container that store a data Value.
variable is a memory location in the program’s memory which is used to store data value or information. Value store in a variable can be modified during program’s execution.

A variable is a container that stores a ‘value.’ In the kitchen, we have containers storing rice, dal, sugar, etc. Similar to that variable in c stores the value of a constant. Example:

a = 3	a is assigned “3”
b = 4.7	b is assigned “4.7”
c = ‘A’	c is assigned “A”

Rules for naming variables in c:

1. The first character must be an alphabet or underscore(_).

2. No commas or blanks are allowed.

3. No special symbol other than underscore is allowed

4. Variable names are case sensitive

Contents

Contents are the fixed values that do not changed during the execution of a program.Like integer,float,string etc.

Type of content

Primarily there are 3 types of constant:

1. Integer Constant	-1,6,7,9
2. Real Constant	-322.1,2.5,7.0
3. Character Constant	‘a’,’$’,’@’(must be enclosed within single inverted commas)

Types of variables

Integer variables	int a=3;
Real variables	int a=7.7 (wrong as 7.7 is real) ; float a=7.7;
Character variables	char a=’B’;

Library functions

C language has a lot of valuable library functions which is used to carry out a certain task; for instance, printf function is used to print values on the screen.

printf(“This is %d”,i);

// %d for integers

// %f for real values

// %c for characters

Comments

Comments are used to clarify something about the program in plain language. It is a way for us to add notes to our program. There are two types of comments in c:

Single line comment: //This is a comment.
Multi-line comment : /*This is multi-line comment*/

Comments in a C program are not executed and ignored.